The most competent interior designers start with seven fundamental design principles. Interior design is not just a creative and perceptive process—it is rooted in a set of essential guidelines. For many, interior home design projects begin with a collection of inspiring home décor ideas pinned to a board or bookmarked from magazines. Understanding these fundamental principles of interior design can provide inspiration and clarity to help determine what will work best for your home.
Whether you opt for a DIY makeover or collaborate with professionals to revamp your home, it’s crucial to understand the foundational principles of interior design before starting your dream project. The seven key principles are balance, rhythm, harmony, proportion and scale, contrast, emphasis, and details.
1. Balance
The hallmark of a well-designed space is balance among all the elements in the room, including forms, lines, colors, décor, lighting, and furniture. A well-balanced room exudes calmness and confidence. To better understand this principle, let’s explore the three types of balance commonly used in interior design:
Symmetrical Balance
Also known as formal balance, this is the most traditional and frequently used method of achieving balance. Symmetrical balance is created when a space is evenly divided into two halves that mirror each other. For instance, in a living room, a pair of sofas facing each other with a coffee table in the center creates symmetry. However, excessive symmetry can make a room feel static, overwhelming, or overly formal.
Asymmetrical Balance
Asymmetrical balance offers more flexibility and a modern touch. Instead of mirroring identical objects, it balances the visual weight of different elements. For example, a large sofa on one side of the room can be balanced by two armchairs on the opposite side. This method creates a more dynamic and interesting space.
Radial Balance
Radial balance centers around a single focal point, with all other elements radiating outward. For example, a round dining table surrounded by chairs or a chandelier as the centerpiece of a room are examples of radial balance. While it can create a dramatic effect, achieving this balance in smaller spaces can be challenging.
By understanding and applying these types of balance, you can create a space that feels cohesive and harmonious.